Service
Your own company's registration
Is your own company still to be registered? Request a registration plan and we will go through it with you.
Corporate Income Tax in Romania, 16% Rate and Deadlines
The rate, the taxable base, losses, payment and the annual return, on the 2026 text of the Fiscal Code.
Short answer
Romanian companies pay corporate income tax (impozit pe profit) at 16% of taxable profit (art. 17 of the Fiscal Code, 2026 text). Taxable profit starts from accounting revenue minus accounting expenses. You then adjust it for non-taxable income, deductions and non-deductible expenses (art. 19(1)). A company on the calendar year files the annual return, form 101, by 25 June of the following year (art. 42(1)).
This guide explains the tax and sells no tax service. The client's own accountant or a tax consultant prepares the returns. Registering a company is its own step, which our company registration service handles.
What is the corporate income tax rate in Romania?
The profit tax rate is 16% of taxable profit (art. 17 of the Fiscal Code). That is the rate in force in 2026. Every rule here is the 2026 text in the consolidation that ANAF publishes. ANAF is the National Tax Administration Agency (Agenția Națională de Administrare Fiscală). A consolidation is not a republication. This one is updated to Law 170/2026.
This is the tax on a company's profit. It is not personal income tax. It is not the 1% micro-enterprise tax either, which a table below sets beside it. For VAT, payroll and local taxes, see taxes in Romania. Dividends distributed from 1 January 2026 carry a separate 16% tax (Law 141/2025). The dividend guide at the end covers it.
Who pays profit tax in Romania?
The Fiscal Code says who pays and for which period (articles 13, 14 and 16, 2026 text).
- Romanian legal persons, and foreign ones through a Romanian permanent establishment (sediu permanent) (art. 13(1)(a)-(b)).
- A foreign company whose place of effective management (locul conducerii efective) is in Romania (art. 13(1)(c)).
- Romanian companies are taxed on profit from any source, in Romania and abroad (art. 14(a)).
- A company paying the micro-enterprise tax is outside profit tax while it stays one (art. 13(2)(h)).
- The taxable period of a new company starts on its trade-register registration (art. 16(3)(a)).
- Fiscal year: the calendar year, or an optional modified year (an fiscal modificat) (art. 16(1), 16(5)).
This guide does not cover treaty relief or the attribution of profit to a branch. For a company already registered, see how to look up a Romanian company and its registration number. A separate register records who owns it: the beneficial owner register in Romania.
Is the Romanian corporate tax 1% or 16%?
You may meet a "1% corporate tax". That 1% is the micro-enterprise (microîntreprindere) tax. It is a turnover tax and an alternative regime (art. 51(1)). The corporate income tax rate is 16% (art. 17). The table sets the conditions side by side.
Profit tax and the micro-enterprise tax side by side, 2026 text (Fiscal Code, Titles II and III). Conditions only, no recommendation.
| Point | Profit tax | Micro-enterprise tax | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rate | 16% of taxable profit (art. 17) | 1% of the micro base, a single rate from 1 January 2026 (art. 51(1)) | Fiscal Code art. 17, 51(1) |
| What is taxed | Taxable profit, built from accounting revenue and expenses (art. 19(1)) | A turnover tax, not the corporate income tax rate | Fiscal Code art. 19(1), 51 |
| Who is in | Romanian legal persons and the other payers listed above (art. 13(1)) | A Romanian legal person that meets the micro conditions together on 31 December of the previous fiscal year (art. 47(1)) | Fiscal Code art. 13(1), 47(1) |
| The ceiling and the move | A micro-enterprise whose revenue passes EUR 100,000 pays profit tax from the quarter in which it passed (art. 52(1)) | Revenue ceiling: the lei equivalent of EUR 100,000 (art. 47(1)(c)); a company paying this tax is outside profit tax while it is a micro-enterprise (art. 13(2)(h)) | Fiscal Code art. 52(1), 47(1)(c), 13(2)(h) |
| Losses | Losses recorded from 2024: carried forward 5 consecutive years, at most 70% of each year's profit (art. 31(1)); older losses follow art. 31(7) | A loss made under profit tax survives the micro period and resumes on the return to profit tax (art. 31(5)) | Fiscal Code art. 31(1), 31(5), 31(7) |
A CCF tax consultant answers which regime a company is in and which one suits it. The CCF is the Chamber of Tax Consultants. That answer is tax consultancy (Government Ordinance (OG) 71/2001 art. 3(1), 8(6)). This guide gives conditions, not a recommendation. For the full regime, see the micro-enterprise tax guide.
How is taxable profit calculated in Romania?
To get the tax result, take accounting revenue minus accounting expenses. Then subtract non-taxable income and tax deductions, and add non-deductible expenses (art. 19(1)). You compute it quarterly or yearly, cumulatively from the start of the fiscal year (art. 19(2)). It starts in the books. How invoices reach ANAF is a separate duty: see how a Romanian company sends invoices through RO e-Factura.
Three further rules apply. Expenses incurred for the economic activity are deductible in general (art. 25(1)). Transactions between related parties follow the market-value principle (art. 19(6)). A tangible asset is a depreciable fixed asset for tax if it meets three conditions together (art. 28(2)). The company holds and uses it in production, in the supply of goods or services, for hire or for administration. Its tax value on entry is at least 5,000 lei. The statute prints that amount, and a Government decision updates it yearly. Its normal useful life is over one year.
From books to tax
Accounting revenue
Minus accounting expenses
Minus non-taxable income and tax deductions
Plus non-deductible expenses
Tax result
Art. 19(1) Fiscal Code
Rate of 16% on taxable profit
Art. 17 Fiscal Code
Which expenses are not deductible, or only partly deductible?
The general rule is that an expense is deductible (art. 25(1)). The table lists the limits and the exclusions of the 2026 text. It gives the article for each.
Limited and non-deductible expenses, 2026 text (Fiscal Code consolidation and OG 6/2026).
| Item | Rule | Article | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Entertainment and gifts (cheltuieli de protocol), which include the VAT collected on gifts over 100 lei | Deductible up to 2% of accounting profit, to which the profit-tax expenses and the entertainment expenses are added | 25(3)(a) | Fiscal Code |
| Staff social expenses | Deductible up to 5% of the salary bill | 25(3)(b) | Fiscal Code |
| Cars up to 3,500 kg and 9 seats not used exclusively for the business | 50% of running costs deductible, with listed exceptions | 25(3)(l) | Fiscal Code |
| Office in an individual's own home, also used privately | 50% of running costs deductible | 25(3)(k) | Fiscal Code |
| Profit tax itself, and profit taxes paid abroad | Not deductible | 25(4)(a) | Fiscal Code |
| Late-payment interest, fines, confiscations and penalties owed to Romanian or foreign authorities | Not deductible, except those under contracts concluded with those authorities | 25(4)(b) | Fiscal Code |
| Expenses for the benefit of shareholders, other than market-price payments for goods or services they supply | Not deductible | 25(4)(d) | Fiscal Code |
| Expenses booked on a document issued by a taxpayer declared inactive | Not deductible, except purchases made in an enforced-execution procedure and purchases from taxable persons in bankruptcy proceedings | 25(4)(j) | Fiscal Code |
| Sponsorship | Not deducted from profit; credited against the tax, up to the lower of 0.75% of turnover and 20% of the profit tax due | 25(4)(i) | Fiscal Code |
| The 1% cap on intellectual property, management and consulting costs paid to non-resident affiliates (art. 251) | Repealed; the costs follow art. 25 from the first quarter of 2026 | Art. IV pt. 1 and Art. V OG 6/2026 | Fiscal Code, ANAF note |
Row 10 is a repeal (Art. IV pt. 1 OG 6/2026). Costs paid to non-resident affiliates follow art. 25 from the first quarter of 2026 (art. V OG 6/2026). Row 8 depends on whether the supplier is an inactive taxpayer under the Fiscal Procedure Code. This guide does not cover that.
Are there exemptions and credits on profit?
Three provisions of the Fiscal Code sit around the taxable base, each with conditions.
Reinvested profit
Reinvested profit (profit reinvestit) in technological equipment and in production and processing assets can be exempt. The holding period is at least half the asset's economic life, but not more than 5 years (art. 22(1), 22(8)).
Dividends from an EU subsidiary
Dividends that a Romanian parent receives from a subsidiary in another Member State are non-taxable under three conditions. The parent has a Romanian company form listed in the article. It pays profit tax without option or exemption, or a tax that substitutes it. It has held at least 10% of the subsidiary for an uninterrupted year as of the date the dividend is recorded (art. 24(1)(a)).
The sponsorship credit
A company does not deduct sponsorship from profit. It credits sponsorship against the tax, up to a limit. The limit is the lower of 0.75% of turnover and 20% of the profit tax due (art. 25(4)(i)).
Is your company not yet registered? A new company's taxable period starts on its trade-register registration (art. 16(3)(a)).
How long can a tax loss be carried forward?
A company that makes a tax loss follows the loss rules of art. 31, in the 2026 text.
Losses recorded from 2024
A company carries a tax loss recorded from 2024 forward for 5 consecutive years. The loss offsets at most 70% of each year's taxable profit. There is no carry-back (art. 31(1)).
Losses recorded before 2024
Part of an older loss may still be unrecovered at 31 December 2023. The company recovers that part from 2024, within the same 70% cap. It has what remains of the loss's original 7-year window (art. 31(7)).
A micro period in between
A loss made under profit tax survives a period under the micro-enterprise tax. It applies again when the company returns to profit tax (art. 31(5)).
These are a company's own losses. That matters if you buy a ready-made company with a loss history. This guide states the statute and gives a buyer no advice.
Does the minimum turnover tax apply to a small SRL?
The minimum turnover tax (impozit minim pe cifra de afaceri, IMCA) applies to a company whose previous-year turnover exceeded EUR 50,000,000 (art. 181(1)). A small SRL (societate cu răspundere limitată, limited liability company) is below that threshold. The tax does not apply to it. For fiscal year 2026, the rate inside the formula is 0.5%. The formula's base rate is 1% (art. 181(3) and (16)).
The article applies only until 31 December 2026 inclusive. For a modified fiscal year that ends in 2027, it applies to the end of that year (art. 181(17)). This guide states that text as the 2026 text. It says nothing about later years.
When is profit tax paid: quarterly or annually?
The Code gives two payment systems. The table sets their mechanics side by side, in the 2026 text of art. 41.
Quarterly and annual payment systems, 2026 text (Fiscal Code, art. 41). The table describes mechanics and does not say which system fits.
| Point | Quarterly system | Annual system with advances | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Status | The default (art. 41(1)) | An option (art. 41(2)), not open to the taxpayers of art. 41(4) and (5) | Fiscal Code art. 41(1), 41(2) |
| Dates | Tax computed, declared and paid by the 25th of the month after quarters I to III (25 April, 25 July, 25 October), settled for the year by the annual return deadline (art. 41(1)) | Quarterly advances; the advance for quarter IV is declared and paid by 25 December (art. 41(8)) | Fiscal Code art. 41(1), 41(8) |
| Amount | Tax on the result computed cumulatively from the start of the fiscal year (art. 19(2)) | As a rule, each advance is a quarter of the previous year's profit tax, indexed by the consumer price index (art. 41(8)); the first-quarter advance is an exception (art. 41(101)) | Fiscal Code art. 19(2), 41(8) |
| Entering it | No step, it is the default | Notified to ANAF by 31 January of the fiscal year (within 30 days of the start of a modified fiscal year), and binding for at least 2 consecutive fiscal years (art. 41(3)) | Fiscal Code art. 41(3) |
| Who has no choice | Compulsory in the current year for companies that in the previous year were newly formed, other than by reorganisation (art. 41(6)(a)), made a tax loss or owed no annual profit tax (art. 41(6)(b), subject to art. 41(11)), were in temporary inactivity or declared no activity at the seat (art. 41(6)(c)) or paid the micro-enterprise tax (art. 41(6)(d)) | Not open to those companies | Fiscal Code art. 41(6) |
The company decides which system to use, with its accountant and a CCF tax consultant. The company also computes the advance for the first quarter by applying the rate to the accounting profit of the period (art. 41(101)).
Is form 101 due on 25 March or 25 June?
Form 101 (Declarația privind impozitul pe profit) is the annual profit tax return. A company on the calendar year files it by 25 June of the following year (art. 42(1)). The statute applies that rule from the 2026 return. That return is due by 25 June 2027 (art. 45(214)). For the 2025 return, a communiqué of ANAF's Cluj directorate of 18 June 2026 gave 25 June 2026 as the deadline.
A calendar-year company's profit-tax dates
Months from 1 January
- 31 JanuaryAnnual-system option notified to ANAFArt. 41(3) Fiscal Code
- 25 AprilQuarterly payment, quarter IArt. 41(1) Fiscal Code
- 25 JulyQuarterly payment, quarter IIArt. 41(1) Fiscal Code
- 25 OctoberQuarterly payment, quarter IIIArt. 41(1) Fiscal Code
- 25 DecemberAnnual-system advance for quarter IVArt. 41(8) Fiscal Code
- 25 June of the following yearForm 101, the annual profit tax returnArt. 42(1) Fiscal Code
A company with a modified fiscal year has other dates (art. 42(2)).
Form 101 at a glance, 2026 text (Fiscal Code and ANAF pages). 25 March is not in the table: it is the superseded date.
| Case | Deadline or rule | Basis | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Annual return for 2025 | 25 June 2026 | ANAF Cluj regional directorate communiqué of 18 June 2026 | ANAF Cluj communiqué |
| Annual return for 2026 and later years | For a calendar-year company, by 25 June of the following year; the 2026 return is due by 25 June 2027 | Art. 42(1), applied from the 2026 return by art. 45(214) | Fiscal Code art. 42(1), 45(214) |
| Modified fiscal year | By the 25th of the sixth month from the close of the modified year | Art. 42(2) | Fiscal Code art. 42(2) |
| Fiscal group | The responsible company files one consolidated return (form 101G) with each member's return | Art. 429(4) | Fiscal Code art. 429(4) |
| Current model | OPANAF 206/2025, valid for periods ending in 2024 or later | ANAF form page | ANAF form 101 page |
| How it is filed | Electronically, with ANAF's assistance software | ANAF forms page | ANAF forms page |
| How it is signed | With a qualified certificate | ANAF forms page | ANAF forms page |
One ANAF page still prints 25 March for form 101, under ANAF order OPANAF 206/2025. That is the superseded date, not the rule. In the profit-tax rules, 25 March survives only for two returns of a modified fiscal year (art. 16(51)(a), 16(52)). It does not apply to the ordinary annual return of art. 42(1). A company being dissolved, with or without liquidation, follows the dates of art. 41(16) and (17) instead (art. 42(1)).
Who may compute and file the return, and who may advise?
An accountant or a tax consultant prepares a client's returns. An opinion on the regime is tax consultancy. RomaniaRegist does neither.
The accountant
Keeping a client's books is work for CECCAR members (the Body of Expert and Licensed Accountants). So is preparing and filing its returns as part of the accounting contract, the quarterly declarations and form 101 included (OG 65/1994 art. 21(1), 43(1); Law 82/1991 art. 10(3)). A company's own accounting department may keep its books (Law 82/1991 art. 10(2)). Outsourced accounting runs under a contract with a member (art. 10(3)). See the accounting requirements guide.
The tax consultant
A tax opinion, stand-alone assistance before ANAF and the papers for an appeal are tax consultancy. Only active members of the CCF register may carry it on (OG 71/2001 art. 3(1)(a), (e), (f), 8(6)). The same text lists the preparation of tax returns (art. 3(1)(b)). No text we read says how that fits with the accountants' contract work. A CECCAR accountant may also deal with ANAF on a client's returns inside an accounting contract. Choosing a regime, a payment system or a deduction is such an opinion. This guide gives none.
What RomaniaRegist does
We file company registrations. We also file later changes at the trade register, for example to change the administrator of a Romanian company. We can point clients to a CECCAR accountant and a CCF tax consultant. We do not compute, file or advise on profit tax.
A regulated activity is a separate subject
A licence to provide a regulated service, such as crypto-asset services, is not a tax question. See the page on a crypto licence in Romania. This guide states no tax treatment of crypto-assets.
From our practice
At RomaniaRegist we file the registration. Questions about bookkeeping and returns go to the client's own CECCAR accountant. Questions about the regime go to a CCF tax consultant.
Official sources
- Fiscal Code, updated to Law 170/2026: Titles II and III, the rules on this page
- Law 141/2025: dividend tax at 16% from 1 January 2026
- Form 101 model: valid for periods ending in 2024 or later
- ANAF forms page: electronic filing and qualified certificate
- ANAF Cluj communiqué of 18 June 2026: 25 June 2026 for the 2025 return
- OG 71/2001: tax consultancy and the CCF register
- Law 82/1991: outsourced accounting under a CECCAR contract
- OG 65/1994: accounting work reserved to CECCAR members
Frequently asked questions
Can a Romanian company pay only 1% corporate tax?
Not as a corporate income tax rate. The 1% is the micro-enterprise tax. It is a turnover tax. A company pays it if it meets the micro conditions together on 31 December of the previous fiscal year. The revenue ceiling is EUR 100,000 (art. 47, 51, 52). The corporate income tax rate is 16% of taxable profit (art. 17).
Does every Romanian company pay 16% profit tax, or can it pay the micro-enterprise tax instead?
Romanian legal persons pay profit tax (art. 13(1)(a)-(b)). A company that pays the micro-enterprise tax is outside profit tax while it is a micro-enterprise (art. 13(2)(h)). The two regimes are alternatives. The Title III conditions decide whether a company is a micro-enterprise. A CCF tax consultant can say which regime suits it.
When does a micro-enterprise have to switch to the 16% profit tax?
One trigger is revenue above EUR 100,000 in a fiscal year. Profit tax is then owed from the quarter in which the company passed the ceiling (art. 52(1)). Other triggers, such as late annual financial statements, are listed in article 52(2) to (4) and (7). The micro conditions are tested together on 31 December of the previous fiscal year (art. 47(1)).
Is form 101 due on 25 March or 25 June?
25 June for a company on the calendar year. The statute sets 25 June of the following year (Art. 42(1)) and applies it from the 2026 return (art. 45(214)). ANAF Cluj confirmed 25 June 2026 for the 2025 return. One ANAF page still prints 25 March, the superseded date. In the Code's profit-tax rules, 25 March survives only in two cases with a modified fiscal year.
What is the corporate income tax rate in Romania in 2026?
The corporate income tax rate in 2026 is 16% of taxable profit. That is the rate in ANAF's consolidation of the Fiscal Code, updated to Law 170/2026 (art. 17). This is the profit tax. The micro-enterprise tax is a different regime at 1%. The dividend tax is a separate 16% from 1 January 2026 (Law 141/2025).
How is taxable profit calculated in Romania?
The tax result is accounting revenue minus accounting expenses. You then subtract non-taxable income and tax deductions, and add non-deductible expenses (art. 19(1)). You compute it quarterly or yearly, cumulatively from the start of the fiscal year (art. 19(2)). Expenses incurred for the economic activity are deductible in general (art. 25(1)).
Which expenses are not deductible, or only partly deductible, for Romanian profit tax?
Entertainment and gifts are deductible up to 2% of adjusted accounting profit (art. 25(3)(a)). Staff social expenses are deductible up to 5% of the salary bill (art. 25(3)(b)). For cars and a home office also used privately, 50% of running costs is deductible (art. 25(3)(l), (k)). Profit tax is not deductible. Fines and interest on late payment are not deductible either, except under contracts with the authorities (art. 25(4)(a), (b)).
How long can a Romanian company carry forward a tax loss, and how much can it offset each year?
A company carries losses recorded from 2024 forward for 5 consecutive years. They offset at most 70% of each year's taxable profit, with no carry-back (art. 31(1)). Losses unrecovered at 31 December 2023 follow the same 70% cap. They have what remains of their original 7-year window (art. 31(7)).
Does the minimum turnover tax apply to a small SRL?
No. It applies to a company whose previous-year turnover exceeded EUR 50,000,000 (art. 181(1)). The rate in the formula for fiscal year 2026 is 0.5%. The article applies only until 31 December 2026 inclusive (art. 181(17)). This guide states that text and says nothing about later years.
When is Romanian profit tax paid: quarterly or annually?
Quarterly by default, paid by the 25th of the month after quarters I to III (art. 41(1)). A company outside art. 41(4) to (6) may opt for the annual system (art. 41(2)). The option binds for at least 2 consecutive fiscal years. The company notifies the option by 31 January, or within 30 days of a modified year's start (art. 41(3)).
Is the profit of a Romanian company taxed on foreign income too?
Yes, in principle. A Romanian company is taxed on taxable profit from any source, in Romania and abroad (art. 14(a)). This guide does not cover how a treaty on double taxation changes the result. It states no treaty relief.
Does a foreign company with a branch in Romania pay Romanian profit tax?
A foreign legal person pays profit tax for the business it runs through a permanent establishment (sediu permanent) in Romania (art. 13(1)(a)-(b)). A foreign company whose place of effective management is in Romania is also a payer (art. 13(1)(c)). Whether a given branch is a permanent establishment is not covered here. Nor is the attribution of its profit.
Who may compute and file the profit tax return for a company?
Keeping a client's books is work for CECCAR members. So is preparing its returns as part of the accounting contract. Outsourced accounting needs a contract with a member (OG 65/1994 art. 21(1), 43(1); Law 82/1991 art. 10(3)). A tax opinion, stand-alone ANAF assistance and an appeal are tax consultancy. Only active CCF members may provide it (OG 71/2001 art. 3(1), 8(6)). RomaniaRegist does neither.